The 2030 Agenda is all about inclusiveness and gender balance. The building industry is key to achieving many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Goal 5 (gender equality), but the sector is male-dominated. Research about closing the gender gap in building skilled trades, especially in young-adult developing countries’ informal sector, is scarce. Thus, this research investigates barriers and suggests ways to help young adult females embrace building skilled trades as careers in the informal private sector and, by extension, improve their achievement of Goal 5. The study adopted a qualitative research design. The study data were collated through semi-structured interview questions. The study covered selected cities across Nigeria and achieved saturation at the 35th Interviewee. The researchers adopted a thematic technique to analyse the collated data. The findings identified cultural and religious issues, early marriage, lower pay, men-dominated sector, unregulated sector, bullying, and lack of mentors/role models as the perceived major barriers facing Nigerian construction young-adult females’ building skilled trades gender equality. Achieving Goal 5 may become an illusion if these barriers are not mitigated. As part of the study’s originality, the research recommends a multi-dimensional, all-inclusive mechanism to bridge the gender inequality gap in Nigeria’s skilled construction trades, especially in the informal private sector.

This study uses a social capital approach to examine the differences in housing prices between non-arm’s length and arm’s length transactions. It employed propensity score matching to generate comparable matched pairs and eliminate selection bias, thus facilitating the discernment of housing price differences between non-arm’s length and arm’s length transactions. It used the actual housing prices registered from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019, in Taipei City and New Taipei City. The data were divided into two groups: a treatment group of non-arm’s length transactions and a control group of arm’s length transactions. The empirical results indicated that transactions involving first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were priced 53.3%, 51.4%, and 47.2% lower than arm’s length transactions, respectively. Urgent buying/selling transactions were priced 21.7% lower than arm’s length transactions. Transactions influenced by obligations, liabilities, or debt settlements were priced 12.0% lower than arm’s length transactions. Purchases from government agencies were priced 45.1% lower than arm’s length transactions. Transactions between friends were priced 26.3% lower than arm’s length transactions. These empirical results indicate the importance of non-arm’s length transactions on housing prices, with significant rebates due to implicit social capital.

In this paper, rare earth elements Ce and La are selected to modify TiO\({}_{2}\) hollow microspheres to prepare Ce-La/TiO\({}_{2}\) hollow microspheres, followed by the fusion of decanoic acid-palmitic acid composite phase change materials with Ce-La/TiO\({}_{2}\) hollow microspheres using vacuum adsorption method to prepare decanoic acid-palmitic acid@Ce-La/TiO\({}_{2}\) multifunctional materials for construction. Four application cases of multifunctional building materials are presented, and the environmental adaptability of the materials is also described and defined in detail, and finally, the applications of multifunctional building materials and their adaptability are analyzed. Multifunctional building materials in a variety of regional environments, have maintained excellent moisturizing effect, the degree of corrosion of traditional building materials is more serious than the degree of corrosion of multifunctional building materials, the difference between the two is about 0.13. Laying decanoic acid-palmitic acid@Ce-La/TiO\({}_{2}\) material on the traditional building materials can effectively improve their corrosion prevention performance.

In order to study the practical application performance of corrugated steel web box girder in modern bridges, a study on the structural design and mechanical properties of modern bridges based on spatial finite element model is proposed. The main girder and the corrugated steel web box girder of the modern bridge are determined, and the working condition 1 (symmetric loading) and working condition 2 (eccentric loading) are also set up, and the prestressing system and the spatial finite element model are constructed. Using the spatial finite element model, the flexural ultimate load capacity, shear buckling, and shear stress strength of the corrugated steel web box girder are investigated. The vehicle load bias amplification factor (M2/M1=1.002) is 1.002, and Case 2 is exactly the same as Case 1. When the vehicle load positive stress bias amplification factor is taken to be 1.20, and the vehicle load shear stress bias amplification factor is taken to be 1.51, the designed bridge has excellent stability. In addition, the shear stress of the corrugated steel web is less than the design tolerance value, which indicates that the mechanical properties of the corrugated steel web are in line with the modern bridge design standards and requirements, which is of practical significance for the sustainable development of the building.

Kuwait is known for its limited freshwater resources, as well as for its dry climate and extreme heat. This creates an enormous challenge for greenhouse development. The main objective of this work is to explore the energy performance of greenhouses which are equipped with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels installed at their rooftops under various climates, thus promoting sustainable greenhouse development in harsh weather climates. The environmental factors in Kuwait, India and Australia were incorporated in the simulations that were conducted using the commercial transient system simulation software (TRNSYS). Results indicated that the annual PV electricity generation didn’t vary across the three proposed climates. The optimal south-facing PV panel angles were found to be at latitude angles of 29.3°, 10.2° and 23.4° in Kuwait, South India and East Australia respectively. By using a number of 120 PV panels in each of the listed countries, the annual clean solar energy production resulted in energy saving percentages of 14.4%, 20.1% and 16.7% in Kuwait, India and Australia, respectively. Furthermore, it was noticed that the \(CO_{2}\) production could be reduced in Kuwait by 4-7 million tons (MT), in India by 48-199 MT, and in Australia by 0.15-1.17 MT if PV panels are employed. The analysis of variance statistical test (ANOVA) was used to assess the impact of PV latitude angles and locations on the PV electricity production. All those findings highlight the potential of solar PV panel-integrated greenhouses in promoting a sustainable agriculture in regions that exhibit challenging climate conditions.

The study is based on VR technology to design the optimal layout plan for the building space. The cruise ship indoor space environment is projected into a two-dimensional \(xoy\) plane to determine the geometric features of the cruise ship indoor space and the layout attributes of the layout objects, and then the two-dimensional drawings are imported into the virtual reality platform to generate a three-dimensional spatial model of the cruise ship indoor space. According to the 3D spatial model, take the layout attributes of the layout objects as constraints, and construct one-to-one models of layout elements within different layout objects. The appropriate layout element model is selected in the database and imported into the virtual display platform for positioning and editing to generate the interactive effect of the layout scene of the cruise ship indoor space, and the binocular camera is used to carry out roaming control to realize the functions of revealing and hiding of the different layout elements in the layout objects, replacing the materials of the layout elements, as well as replacing and adjusting the different elements under the roaming control. The simulation results show that the optimal layout scheme can be obtained by using the above method, and compared with the original scheme, the optimized layout scheme of this paper’s method improves 4.59, 16.84 and 13.82 percentage points in the three dimensions of cabin adjacent strength, away strength and circulation strength respectively, which is of good applicability.

With the development of the information society, the importance of data in the field of interior design is increasingly prominent. From collecting and analyzing design requirements, to understanding the behavior patterns of space users, to evaluating design effects, data support is indispensable. Machine learning, as a powerful tool, demonstrates enormous potential in interior design by learning and improving from data.This article explores the application of machine learning in interior design, especially in the research of soft decoration matching and design elements, and analyzes the changes and challenges it brings. This article focuses on exploring data-driven soft decoration matching and design practices. By analyzing residential space design cases, it demonstrates how machine learning can understand residents’ behavior patterns and preferences, predict design effects, optimize design decisions, and more.This article demonstrates the application of modern interior soft decoration, integrating traditional cultural elements into the soft decoration of modern living spaces through modern design techniques, achieving the integration of tradition and modernity, and meeting the aesthetic and spiritual needs of residents.

There is a large economy behind relationship real estate markets and the migration process. This paper mainly concentrates on this economy by relating inflation, unemployment, Housing Price Index (HPI) and Foreign Residents (FR) in Turkiye with a DCC GARCH Model. According to the findings, there are high correlative relations between the changes in HPI and inflation and unemployment sequentially. On the other side, a relatively calm relationship is found between changes in HP and changes in FR. %18 of the correlations are formed because of the shocks, conversely, %45 of the correlations are formed depending on the lags structure of the model. In light of this research, it can be said that the macro policies have less direct impacts on the FR. Through the mediating role of the HPI, inflation and unemployment can indirectly impact the FR. Income levels, the economic and political situations of the domestic and migration-aimed countries, and psychological and sociological factors can affect this equation.

The narrow width of building expansion joints presents significant challenges in constructing shear walls on both sides of the joint. The limited working surface prevents entry into the expansion joint, making template support and removal difficult, often resulting in templates being left within the joint. This paper examines construction methods for double-shear wall formwork at deformation joints to address these concerns. Inspired by the bridge inflatable core mold, the research creatively incorporates the rubber airbag used in bridge construction into the project. A special rubber airbag is developed to support the double-shear wall formwork at the deformation joint. When inflated, the airbag forms a compressive elastic body to support the side formwork pressure of the shear wall. The shear wall formwork on both sides of the deformation joint is then reinforced with tension bolts at intervals between the airbags. This combination creates a complete and stable system. Experimental studies on the airbag’s deformation characteristics under external force and calculations of the overall support system’s stability demonstrate that the deformation value meets the requirements for stable support of the formwork side pressure, confirming the system’s stability and reliability. This technology is highly innovative, scientifically sound, simple to operate, and provides reliable quality assurance, offering guidance for constructing similar projects with the same structure.

The application of green ecological concept in the design of built environment and space layout has become an important direction of modern architectural design. This paper utilizes the Pix2Pix algorithm to read the target plan area map in the design of smart city environment, and carries the algorithm to construct the green space layout design auxiliary model in Unity3D engine and Python language environment. The model is used to realize the simulation display of green space layout design scheme and assist the designer to determine the optimal green layout scheme. The results of the case validation show that the layout optimization scheme obtained with the aid of the green space layout design model adopts the zoned lighting layout design strategy for the public areas, and after the scheme simulation, it is found that the cooling and heating energy consumption in the total environment of the district building decreases from 75.64kWh/m² and 45.26kWh/m² to 65.32kWh/m² and 42.31kWh/m², respectively. In addition, the residents of the neighborhood were highly satisfied with the simulated retrofit effect of the green layout design of the buildings in the neighborhood. This study promotes the consideration of environmental protection and sustainable development in urban design, which can reduce the negative impact of smart city construction on the environment and create a healthier and livable spatial environment.

Real estate industry is an important industry of national economy in any country, which constitutes an important element of the wealth of the whole society and has a stable and long-term impact on national economy and social development. Based on the price theory of supply-demand equilibrium and the theory of real estate cycle fluctuation, the article combines the stock-flow model and vector autoregression model of real estate price to establish a quantitative analysis PVAR model of credit policy on real estate price fluctuation. Data from 31 provincial regions in China from 1998 to 2023 are selected as the research samples, and the specific effects of different credit policies on real estate price volatility in the housing finance market are verified through empirical analysis. When the scale of credit policy expands by 1 percentage point, real estate prices will increase by 0.00611 percentage points, while credit interest rates have a positive impact on real estate price volatility for 6 to 7 periods, and then change to a negative impact. Different regions under the credit policy on real estate price volatility there are differences, and the faster the growth rate of real estate prices in the region credit policy on real estate prices to promote the role of the more obvious. Real estate price regulation needs to accurately combine regional and economic development, so as to optimize the credit policy of the housing finance market, and then ensure the stability of real estate prices.

The commonly used spectrum analysis methods are summarized and their problems are analyzed. In this paper, the time-domain response spectrum is first analyzed and the frequency-domain normalized spectrum is given. The normalized time-frequency response spectra are calculated and compared by four typical ground vibration waveforms. This project will use the standardized time-frequency response spectrum analysis method to analyze the susceptibility of impact ground shaking and ground motions containing rich high-frequency components to structural damage under the action of strong earthquakes. The results show that the method can better reflect the ground shaking response characteristics and the damage mechanism of the structure. The model also reflects the role of seismic calendar time on the cumulative damage of buildings.