How to reasonably plan the transportation path of hazardous chemical vehicles and reduce the risk and cost of hazardous chemical transportation is an urgent and very realistic problem. In this paper, a multi-objective planning model of multi-vehicle path considering the cost and risk of dangerous goods vehicle transportation is constructed. In the model solution, the multi-objective problem is firstly transformed into a single-objective problem using the constraint method. Then it is solved using the Adaptive Inertia Weights and Cauchy Variation Method Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm (ACMPSO). Finally, the simulation test is carried out according to the solution process of ACMPSO. The simulation results verify that the ACMPSO algorithm can effectively ensure transportation safety while taking into account the benefits of transportation enterprises. And the ACMPSO algorithm takes less time and has higher performance than the PSO algorithm in solving the optimal path. The results show that the ACMPSO algorithm can achieve the optimization of road transport paths for hazardous chemicals by taking the risk and cost as the main optimization objectives and ensuring that the risk is under control. In order to ensure the safety of road transportation of hazardous chemicals, improvements can be made in several aspects, including transportation companies, regulatory mechanisms, vehicle and personnel management, emergency management and accident rescue.
