This paper collects data on physical fitness and mental status of 200 badminton players by combining questionnaire survey and teaching experiment with 12-week physical education teaching experiment as the background. Gray correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression model were used to construct the interaction model of physical fitness and mental status and explore the mechanism of its influence on athletic ability. The results showed that the contribution of speed index (50m running) and endurance index (800/1000m running) to the athletic ability among the physical performance indexes (Beta=0.319, 0.305, p=0.007, 0.009) was significantly higher than that of the strength index (Beta=0.298, p=0.011). Mental state interacted nonlinearly with physical fitness level, with anxiety having the greatest negative effect on athletic ability (Beta=-0.322, p=0.002), while physical fitness enhancement had a positive effect on athletic ability. The study confirms that the synergistic optimization of physical fitness and psychological state can effectively enhance athletic performance, and the interaction model provides scientific support for the design of personalized training programs in physical education.
