STEAM enables students to learn knowledge, apply knowledge, transfer knowledge and improve ability in the process of playing, and teaching aids become the most direct and explicit carrier of “playing”, which is an important tool for the implementation of teaching activities. In this regard, this paper designs STEAM teaching aids for science education and analyzes the effect of teaching aids based on the cognitive diagnostic model (CDM). By constructing cognitive attributes and their hierarchical relationships, developing and improving cognitive diagnostic test papers based on the Qc matrix theory, and diagnosing and analyzing the mastery of cognitive attributes of science education at the overall and individual levels based on students’ responses. After the quiz, 46.15% of the students basically mastered the knowledge points of science education with the help of STEAM teaching aids, and the remaining 53.85% of the students had deficiencies in mastering at least one of the cognitive attributes of science education. Based on the above analysis, it is convenient for teachers to carry out remedial teaching and personalized counseling, so as to improve the teaching effect of science education.
