This paper focuses on the field of corporate profitability prediction, and innovatively constructs an analytical framework integrating financial ratios and logistic regression. Through factor analysis, 11 financial ratios are downgraded to construct a four-dimensional core index system of profitability factor, debt service factor, operation factor and growth factor. Combined with the logistic regression model to establish a dynamic prediction mechanism to realize the prediction of corporate profitability. Taking the quarterly data of 2023-2024 of 20 listed enterprises in City A as samples, the results of factor analysis show that the comprehensive score of A5’s profitability ranks the first with 2.274 points, which is much higher than A6’s score of 1.383 points, and it is the best performance among the 20 enterprises. Enterprises with positive composite scores include A5, A6, A10, A4, A13, A15, and A20.The model’s predicted F-value for A5 enterprises from 2023 to 2024 has a small gap with the actual value, which is within 0.03, and the correlation is greater than 95%. Based on the prediction results, the profitability of A5 enterprises will be improved in 2025, and the four quarterly profitability composite scores are 2.233, 2.488, 2.321, and 2.289 scores, respectively.
