Soil mineral ions and microorganisms can convert easily degradable organic phosphorus and sulfur into more stable forms through processes such as adsorption, encapsulation, aggregation, redox reactions, and polymerization. This study selected rice field soil from Shenbei New District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, which has been continuously cultivated for many years, as the research object. Specific experimental procedures were established, and component analysis and adsorption kinetics calculations were performed on the samples. Based on this, to explore the impact of soil mineral ions and microorganisms on phosphorus-sulfur cycling, this study combined principal component analysis with regression analysis to construct a PCR model for validation. The results indicate that mineral ion complexes in soil enhance phosphorus adsorption, thereby facilitating soil phosphorus cycling, and that phosphorus-sulfur cycling exhibits certain differences across different soil types. The relative importance of soil mineral ions on phosphorus-sulfur cycling reached 31.42%, and both soil mineral ions and microbial abundance exerted a significant positive influence on phosphorus-sulfur cycling (P < 0.01). Therefore, optimizing mineral ion and microbial content in soil can significantly enhance phosphorus-sulfur cycling efficiency and further improve soil fertility.
