Conventional concrete has higher stiffness and lower flexibility. At the same time, due to some inherent defects, it is easy to crack in use, which may cause damage to the structure seriously. At present, composite materials have been used to improve the performance of concrete, which is a widely used method. Nanostructure refers to the structure with the size of 1-100 nm or above, which has attracted people’s attention due to its unique and attractive characteristics, and its use exceeds that of most complexes. In this paper, the mechanical properties of dam asphalt concrete were analyzed, and the theory of concrete mechanical properties was introduced. Then, academic research was carried out and summarized on the two key sentences of mechanical properties of dam asphalt concrete and the impact of nano materials on the mechanical properties of dam asphalt concrete. The preparation, characterization, properties and applications of one-dimensional nanostructured materials were summarized. After establishing the algorithm model, various algorithms were proposed as the numerical simulation analysis of the effect of nanomaterials on the mechanical performance of dam asphalt concrete based on neural networks. Then, the related concepts were proposed. At the end of the article, a simulation experiment was carried out. The results such as the superiority of nanomaterials over conventional materials and the average modulus of elasticity of concrete with nanomaterials of about 33416.3 N/mm2 were obtained from the cubic compressive resistance, axial compressive resistance, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength. Therefore, this paper has practical significance for this kind of research, which can help this kind of academic advancement and give reference. At the same time, the application of electronic imaging in media requires comprehensive consideration of various factors. Therefore, it has become the focus of academic research.
