The standardization and personalization needs of sports training have driven the application of virtual reality technology in the field of sports. This study designs and implements an athletic training simulation system based on virtual reality technology, which uses 3D human motion simulation simulation technology for training simulation, creates an action database through motion capture, applies offset mapping technology to correct the design of training actions, checks the reasonableness of the actions by using the Newtonian Eulerian motion model, and arranges the standardized technical action sequences through the method of motion splicing. The system integrates the core functional modules of VR perception interaction, motion capture acquisition, training environment establishment and action reproduction. In the study, 100 athletes were experimentally selected to verify the training effect, and the results showed that the error of the system’s action data acquisition was controlled within 0°15′, the mastery of the training content reached 96%, the training cost was maintained at 10,000 yuan, and the error of the system’s response speed was no more than 5%. The system in this paper can effectively improve the training effect of athletes, significantly reduce training costs, and provide an efficient and economical technical solution for sports training.