The critical period of children’s early psychological development determines their future cognitive abilities, social skills and emotion regulation levels. In this study, 1430 preschool children from eight kindergartens in Jiangsu Province were selected by whole cluster random sampling method, and data were collected by using the Classroom Environment Scale and the Overall Well-Being Scale, and the mechanism of preschool environment on children’s psychological development was analyzed by combining multiple linear regression algorithms and big data techniques such as redundancy analysis (RDA). It was found that the intimacy of the preschool environment was significantly and positively correlated with children’s social initiative, verbal and nonverbal interaction skills (P<0.01), and the standardized regression coefficient of the emotional expression dimension was 0.124 (P=0.01) and the standardized regression coefficient of the recreational dimension was 0.128 (P=0.023), which were both positively predictive of children's verbal and nonverbal interaction skills. RDA ordination analysis showed that the cumulative percentage of explanation of the first four axes for the relationship between children's psychological development and the preschool environment amounted to 99.88%, with the correlation coefficients of self-concept, family relationships, school hardware, and maskedness with the first axis being -0.4127, -0.366, -0.3272, and -0.3085, respectively. The study showed that several dimensions of the preschool environment had a has a significant effect, in which emotional expression and entertaining environment are important factors to promote the development of children's language interaction skills, and the study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the design of preschool education environment.
