The process of global economic integration is deepening, and the international trade network presents a complex and diversified development situation. This paper constructs a value chain optimization model of “Belt and Road” foreign trade industry chain based on multi-objective planning algorithm, adopts complex network analysis method to construct trade network, and applies improved multi-objective Gray Wolf optimization algorithm to solve the industrial upgrading path. By analyzing the data of the United Nations Merchandise Trade Database from 2004 to 2024, it is found that the number of nodes in the trade network of “Belt and Road” has increased from 26 to 49, with a growth rate of 88.5%, and the number of network relations has increased from 28 to 107, which shows the trend of trade diversification. The study establishes a three-dimensional objective function system covering economic production benefits, social life benefits and ecological resource benefits, and designs the corresponding constraints. The empirical analysis shows that under the balanced transformation and upgrading path, the optimized value of industrial added value reaches 22456.4 in 2024, the energy consumption decreases to 16515.2, and the pollution emission index decreases from 21104.9 in 2009 to 18556.The study confirms that the multi-objective optimization algorithm is able to effectively achieve the coordinated development of “three-life space” and provide scientific decision support for the upgrading of the foreign trade industry of the “One Belt, One Road”. The study confirms that the multi-objective optimization algorithm can effectively realize the coordinated development of the “three living spaces” and provide scientific decision support for the upgrading of foreign trade industry in the “Belt and Road”.
