For enterprises, the losses caused by financial risks are extremely terrifying, and strengthening financial risk assessment is conducive to the safe operation of enterprises. Big data (BD) not only strengthens the relationship between enterprises and customers, but also increases the difficulty of enterprise financial risk assessment. The current risk assessment is more of an assessment of financial BD. Many financial BD risk assessment algorithms have emerged on the market, but these algorithms generally have the problems of incomplete and inaccurate assessment, and the assessment efficiency is not very high. Human-computer interaction (HCI) technology makes the connection between the user and the machine more closely, and also makes the data calculation closer to the user’s expectation. This paper studied the risk assessment algorithm of financial BD based on HCI emotion recognition, and proposed a new risk assessment algorithm by combining AHP, grey relational method and support vector machine. A related mathematical model is constructed, and the application effect of the algorithm is improved by using HCI technology. The experimental results showed that the new risk assessment algorithm improved the accuracy of financial BD risk assessment, and the assessment efficiency was also enhanced. Compared with other algorithms, the efficiency was 6.7% higher.