Landslide deformation monitoring data are the most significant parameters reflecting the occurrence, development, and evolution of landslides, and serve as essential foundational data for landslide monitoring and early warning systems. This paper establishes a deformation monitoring model for landslide bodies in reservoir areas of hydropower stations based on the displacement sensing theory and computational methods of fiber optic sensing technology and fiber optic grating sensors, addressing the stability and reliability of data monitoring under harsh natural environments and strong electromagnetic interference. By monitoring changes in fiber strain, surface deformation of the slope is calculated. The feasibility of the monitoring model is validated through engineering examples. Experimental results show that the fiber network is highly sensitive to surface deformation caused by suspended loads and can accurately analyze abnormal regions and strain magnitudes. Additionally, the monitoring system can continuously and uninterruptedly track the experimental area, accurately detecting significant displacement of the Xinhua landslide body. Through on-site engineering practice, optical fibers were buried within the slope body and fixed on the slope surface to directly sense slope deformation. It was found that optical fiber strain is significantly influenced by temperature.
