The aim of this study is to present the changes in building characteristics resulting from the transformation of Izmir into a cosmopolitan city of wealthy traders in the second half of the 19th century. The study concentrates on palatial suburban houses. The paper concludes with the construal of the merging of the old and new architectural preferences as a sign of modernization.
This study conducted a quantitative analysis of the number of water usage spaces and of the changes in their floor area ratio by using a space analysis program. The analysis results were then examined from a socio-cultural perspective to see how the water usage spaces, which had been linked to the outdoor space in the traditional Korean housing, affected changes in apartment house plans and subsequent changes in the housing culture, as they moved to the inside of the apartment house. It was found that water usage spaces greatly affected the entire unit floor plan of apartment housing, undergoing various changes in correlation with the changes in society and daily life.
The history of modern apartments began in 1962 in South Korea. Since then, the number of apartment units constructed every year has been increasing. According to the 2005 Population and Housing Census, the proportion of apartment units in the total housing units approached 53%. Apartments became the major housing type in South Korea. Such changes had a great influence on the changes in residential culture and the life styles of the population. There have been many studies on qualitatively analyzing the changes of apartment unit types and the influence on residential culture. However, there has been little study on a quantitative analysis of the changes. In order to examine the reflection of the changes in apartment unit types on the residential culture, we quantitatively analyzed apartment space configurations. In this analysis, we limited the analysis target to the apartment units with a net usable space of 85m 2. They are called ‘National Housing Type’ or ‘People’s Housing Type’ by the Housing Construction Promotion Act. Since apartment units with a net usable space of 85m2 are so small that they do not give architects many choices for design .Architects have to choose a design option that may satisfy most of potential residents of the time. In this process, A-Space, an analysis software program, was developed by Yonsei University in Seoul Korea. A-Space can analyze the characteristics of individual units and the similarity between the flat units in addition to the the integration analysis in Space Syntax. We expect that, by analyzing the representative unit types of Korean apartments, we can get a better understanding on the characteristics of Korea apartment housing, the impact of culture on apartment space configurations, and cross-cultural links between Korean apartment units and other types of housing in other countries. Copyright © 2010 IAHS.
The environmental impacts of a building are present in diverse stages of its construction and use. They are related to many factors, including the use of energy, emissions and hazardous materials. This paper presents the application of life cycle analysis to study different building facades, comparing the use of painting and ceramic lining technologies. The general objective of this study is to identify and organize the Life Cycle Analysis components of building facades constructed with ceramic tiles and paint, with the purpose of comparing the environmental performance with CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The study includes definition of LCA objectives, scope, the subsystems and their boundaries, in order to compare emissions and energy consumption for the same durability criteria. The life cycle stages include raw material extraction, materials manufacturing, their use and maintenance. The flow diagrams for the processes and their related emissions are presented. Copyright © 2010 IAHS.
Whereas the architecture of Le Corbusier (1887-1965) is again on the neo-Modernist agenda as the so-called ‘unfinished project’, he is also blamed for the alienation of the street as a public realm, and the dispersed nature of most contemporary cities. Critics ignore the fact that he relentlessly opposed the anti-urban paradigm, and that his urban objectives are entirely compatible with contemporary concerns. The paper investigates four unfinished projects. First is Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau of 1925, which remained a prototype at an international exhibition. The other three are the Housing Quarter in Barcelona (1933), and the La Sainte-Baume and Roq-et-Rob projects on the Côte d’Azur (1948, 1949). It explores the ways these projects achieve (1) walkability, (2) densification, and (3) private gardens. Analyses rely primarily on comparisons of computer-generated drawings. Finally, this paper concludes that reconsidering Le Corbusier oeuvre can enhance the current knowledge base and contribute towards more sustainable neighborhoods. Copyright © 2010 IAHS.
A central principle of sustainability is the recognition of the interdependence of economic, environmental, and equity issues. This interconnection is evidenced in the resurgence of sustainable housing types. However, in the sustainable housing literature most examples given are of collective housing, affordable housing, or, green-housing. Yet there are other emerging forms of sustainable housing, which are almost unreported in the literature. This paper discusses some of the socio-cultural issues at work in sustainable housing typology. It begins by retracing the key historical moments in the sustainable housing discourse in order to position the current popularity of the aforementioned three housing types. Then through an exploration of this typology and in case studies, it questions the predominance of the techno-centric models over other sustainable housing types, such as conjoined. Finally, it argues that attention must also be given to the practice of sharing as an added method of sustainability. Copyright © 2010 IAHS.
