This paper constructs the evaluation index system of economic quality development from six dimensions, including economic fundamentals and ecological environment. In order to scientifically assess the level of economic quality development of each province and ensure the rationality of the assignment method and the availability of data, this paper selects 31 provinces in China as the research object, combines the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and entropy weighting method (EWM) to assign weights to the indexes and combines with the TOPSIS method to make a comprehensive assessment of the level of economic quality development of each province. The results show that the comprehensive realization level of China’s economic quality development in China is low, the spatial differences are obvious, and the contradiction of unbalanced regional economic development is very prominent. Overall, the spatial distribution pattern of “strong in the east and weak in the west, high in the south and low in the north, with east China as the leader, north and south-central China as the two wings, southwestern and northeastern China as the center, and northwestern China as the bottom” is shown. From the provincial perspective, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong have a high level of economic quality development, while nine provinces, including Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang, have a low level of economic quality development. The analysis of the influencing factors of China’s economic quality development learns that GDP and government intervention play an important role in economic quality development.
