Focusing on the modeling and optimization of students’ physical fitness improvement pathway, this study innovatively integrates complex network theory and multiple regression analysis to construct a dynamic influence model of table tennis teaching and students’ physical fitness. Topological parameters such as node degree value, median and importance were quantified by constructing a complex network. Combined with the composite Euclidean distance method, a student user model was established to investigate the influence mechanism of table tennis teaching activities on students’ physical health indicators. The experiment used stratified sampling method to compare the physical fitness changes between the experimental group and the control group, and used Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to reveal the nonlinear association between table tennis teaching activities and physical fitness. The results showed that the total score of table tennis teaching was moderately correlated with 1000 meters running (r=0.249, p=0.002) in the boys’ group, and the index of sitting forward bending was lowly correlated with the total score of table tennis teaching (r=0.166, p=0.029) and the classroom activities (r=0.157, p=0.011) in the girls’ group. Explosive strength improvement was significant in the lower grades and endurance improvement was prominent in the upper grades. The total score of table tennis teaching (β=0.322) had the greatest influence on physical fitness, followed by classroom activities (β=0.261) and activity frequency (β=0.214), which together constituted the core drivers. In teaching practice, the design of table tennis teaching program should be optimized by focusing on classroom activities and activity frequency, and differentiated intervention programs should be designed for different genders and school segments in order to effectively improve students’ physical fitness and health.
