Under the current development trend of global economic integration, countries around the world are interconnected and influenced by each other in international trade, and the connection of world trade forms a complex network. This paper constructs a global trade network based on global trade theory and social network analysis theory, and selects indicators such as the number of network nodes and network diameter to characterize the topological structure of the global trade network. The Transformer model is designed based on the gating mechanism unit and dynamic attention mechanism to analyze the multimodal, high-dimensional and heterogeneous global trade time series data. The empirical analysis finds that the characteristics of the global trade network structure change over time, the trade network between countries and regions becomes more and more close, and there is an impulse effect of the country’s GDP and other influencing variables on the structure of the global trade network. This paper reveals the multi-path influence effect of global trade network through empirical analysis, and improves the related research on the structural change and positive evolution of global trade network, with a view to providing useful reference and guidance for the formulation of national trade countermeasures.
