Enhancing the digital literacy of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges is an important part of promoting digital teaching reform and cultivating digital talents. Based on combing the concepts and components of digital literacy of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges, the article establishes a digital literacy evaluation system for physical education teachers from five dimensions: digital awareness, digital knowledge and skills, digital application ability, digital social responsibility, and professional development level. Then, based on the structural equation model estimated by partial least squares, the relevant factors affecting the digital literacy of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges were proposed from the aspects of individual, environment and behavior, and the research model of influencing factors was established. Based on distributing questionnaires and obtaining relevant data from several vocational undergraduate colleges, the overall level of current digital literacy of physical education teachers and the degree of influence of each factor on it were explored. The results showed that the average digital literacy score of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges was 4.12, the overall level of digital literacy was high, and there was a certain degree of variability among different types of physical education teachers. Individual, environment and behavior all have a significant positive effect on the digital literacy level of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges at the 1% level. Therefore, the improvement of digital literacy of physical education teachers in vocational undergraduate colleges and universities needs to strengthen the training efforts of digital technology, the reasonable use of tools to explore the value of physical education teaching in depth, and promote the internalization of digital literacy of physical education teachers.
