The development of artificial intelligence technology provides more paths for the improvement and development of teachers’ teaching ability. This paper takes young teachers in private applied colleges and universities as the research object. From the five perspectives of interdisciplinary teaching cognition, interdisciplinary theme design and integration, interdisciplinary activity organization and implementation, interdisciplinary teaching evaluation and reflection, and interdisciplinary teaching research, a set of evaluation index system for teaching ability of young teachers in colleges and universities with 19 secondary indexes is initially proposed. After two rounds of expert consultation, the index system was integrated and optimized, and the evaluation index system with 5 primary indicators and 14 secondary indicators was finally established. At the same time, the hierarchical analysis method was used to determine the subjective weights of the indicators, and the CRITIC method was used to complete the objective weights of the indicators. The subjective and objective weights of the indicators are calculated to get the comprehensive weights of the indicators. Particle swarm algorithm is adopted as the practical application method of the evaluation system of teaching ability of young teachers in colleges and universities, and the optimal weight value of the indicators is obtained through the characteristic particle swarm optimization search. In the scoring of teaching ability of teacher B, the root mean square error of particle swarm algorithm is 10.71%, the average absolute error is 15.32%, and the relative error is 12.63%, which is an excellent performance in practical application.
