Chinese traditional oil-decorated color painting is an extremely valuable part of China’s ancient architectural heritage and one of the accomplished highlights in the history of world architectural art. This paper takes the ancient architectural painting pigments of the Song Dynasty as the research object, introduces the concept and characteristics of the ancient architectural painting art of the Song Dynasty, as well as its color change process. On this basis, it restores the stylistic composition of Song Dynasty ancient architectural color paintings. According to the requirements of Song Dynasty ancient architectural color painting cultural relics site and the characteristics of HH-XRF instrument, the application of pigments in the aesthetic creation of ancient architecture is studied through the design of Song Dynasty inorganic pigment color painting panels. For the analysis of the color painting pigments in Yuquan Temple, the main purpose is to use X-ray spectrometer to analyze the elemental compositions of the six color painting pigment samples collected from the West Hall of Yuquan Temple, so as to presume the chemical compositions of the pigments. After laboratory analysis, it was found that Song Dynasty painting pigments were mainly traditional mineral pigments such as lead, iron red, stone green or chlorocopperite. The pattern styles are mainly divided into five modeling styles, and the pattern styles of such colored paintings are mostly some auspicious patterns that symbolize the good. Through its full excavation and organization, it can provide reference for the color painting pattern and construction technology and color painting pigment in the repair of ancient buildings and imitation ancient buildings nowadays.
