In recent years, affected by the urbanisation process, there has been a massive exodus of the rural population, and the rural landscape has become increasingly decayed. This paper combines the characteristics of landscape gardening to construct an integrated rural settlement landscape development framework with natural geographical conditions, folk culture, agricultural landscape and architectural forms as elements. Using the landscape pattern index in the characteristics of landscape garden, we select the number of rural settlement patches, patch area, patch density and other indicators to quantitatively analyse the differences in the evolution of rural settlements. Finally, a mixed-integer linear programming model is used to plan the three attributes of settlements, monolithic buildings, and beliefs to achieve the optimal layout of the rural settlement landscape under the mutual influence and joint effect of the three. The study of the landscape pattern of traditional rural settlements near the X watershed found that during urbanisation, the landscape diversity index of the region decreased from 1.4034 in 2021 to 1.3577 in 2023, and the diversity decreased due to the sudden and rapid increase of man-made constructions. Based on the changes in the landscape pattern and other aspects of rural settlements affected by urbanisation, an integrated planning path and development strategy for rural settlement landscapes is proposed.
