In order to understand the transfer characteristics of graphene cobalt composite modified microbial fuel cell anode electricity generation, it was analyzed by numerical simulation. In this paper, simulation experiments are designed to test the microbial fuel cell anode power generation characteristics by algal MFC constitutive chamber, and the microbes in the fuel cell are analyzed by electrochemical analysis test methods. 2 weak peaks are present in the CF electrode, which correspond to the D and G peaks, respectively. 4 peaks are present in the PPy-CF electrode, and there is a PPy-like substance attached on the surface of the electrode. rGO/PPy-CF electrode and GO/ PPy-CF electrode both had graphene and polypyrrole present on the surface. The charge transfer resistance of each anode increased after biofilm formation. Among them, CG-1000 had the highest conductivity and possessed the best electron transfer performance. The CG anode exhibited higher current density. The MFC degradation rates of the R/CC, R+GNS/CC, R+MWCNT/CC, and R+GNS+MWCNT/CC-modified anodes were 9.0, 11.5, 12.5, and 15 mg/h, respectively, and the output voltages were stable at 47, 77, 122, and 230 mV. The extracellular proteins and DAN of microorganisms were increased and polysaccharides were decreased in the anodes of R+GNS/CC, R+MWCNT/CC, and R+GNS+MWCNT/CC, and the MFC power-producing performance was improved.
