This study focuses on the synergistic pathways for the protection of cultural landscape heritage and modernization in the Yellow River Basin, integrating cultural heritage preservation strategies with spatial quantification techniques to establish a comprehensive research framework. Through the analysis of 662 traditional villages and multi-period remote sensing imagery from 2016 to 2024, combined with spatial syntax theory, landscape dynamics models, and a pattern index system, empirical research was conducted. Spatial structure quantification reveals that the overall integration degree of scenic areas in the Yellow River Basin is 0.62, with significant regional differences—Region A has the highest integration degree (1.13) but the lowest comprehensibility (0.36), and a collaboration degree of only 0.47 (below the 0.5 threshold), indicating spatial cognitive barriers caused by the deterioration of historical relics. Region D achieved an understandability of 0.95, confirming the strong correlation between local and overall structures. Landscape dynamic monitoring indicates that the number of patches increased by 128.7% between 2016 and 2024, from 57,239 to 130,912, with patch density rising to 9.25 patches/km², and the maximum patch index (LPI) increasing to 77.17%, highlighting a trend toward fragmentation. Geographical name cultural research found that human landscape-related names accounted for 61.93%, surnamebased names for 31.42%, natural landscape-related names for 38.07%, and geographical orientation-related names for 17.07%. Kernel density analysis revealed that terrain-related villages exhibit a clustered distribution with a nearest neighbor index K = 0.92, while surname-based names show uniform dispersion with K = 1.07.