This study focuses on enhancing the quality of talent cultivation for new-type productive forces in higher education institutions, establishing six dimensions to assess the adaptability of talent cultivation strategies. To obtain quantitative values for the six dimensions, a survey questionnaire on the adaptability of talent cultivation strategies was designed. This questionnaire demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, ensuring the credibility of the data. Based on this, single-factor analysis of variance, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to deeply interpret the mechanisms underlying the adaptability of talent cultivation strategies. Through data analysis, it was found that the regression equation for the adaptability of talent cultivation strategies is 0.084 + 0.105 × matching degree + 0.119 × compatibility degree + 0.123 × compatibility degree + 0.109 × responsiveness degree + 0.093 × adjustment degree + 0.106 × synergy degree, demonstrating the influence relationship between the dimensions of the adaptability of talent cultivation strategies in higher education institutions, thereby further enhancing the quality of new-type productive forces talent cultivation in higher vocational colleges.