Landscape design plays a key role in enhancing the ecological and social benefits of residential communities. Through the application of green technologies, optimization of spatial layout and introduction of innovative landscape features, the ecological environment of residential communities and the quality of life of residents can be significantly improved. This paper evaluates the role of landscape design in enhancing the sustainability of residential neighborhoods with a focus on low-carbon housing. The study used a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the landscape space of the residential community, and data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 210 residents and recovering 200 valid questionnaires. The results showed that the optimized landscape design increased the greening rate by 80% and the overall satisfaction of the residents increased by 15%. In addition, this study used a small habitat genetic algorithm to optimize the landscape configuration, which improved the efficiency of landscape spatial planning and shortened the optimization time by 20% on average. Through the optimization of landscape design, the residential community was able to achieve significant improvements in ecological function and resident satisfaction. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for landscape optimization in low-carbon residential communities.