Under the background of Industry 4.0, intelligent manufacturing technology has become the core driving force to enhance the competitiveness of manufacturing industry. Aiming at the problems of low control accuracy and low resource utilization of traditional manufacturing systems in metal material processing, this paper designs an intelligent manufacturing system based on mechatronics technology. The research adopts digital intelligent control algorithm combined with PID control structure and state space equation to establish the system mathematical model, realizes the organic integration of enterprise layer, management layer, operation layer, control layer and field layer through the design of layered architecture, and constructs active real-time production plan management system. The performance test results show that the average memory occupancy rate of the system is 15.205% when processing 2,000 products, which is 12.702% and 18.054% lower than that of the system based on digital twin and cloud computing, respectively; the real-time data acquisition in the functional test is 2.5 seconds, and the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis reaches 98.8%. The study shows that the intelligent manufacturing system based on mechatronics technology is better than the traditional system in terms of resource occupation, processing efficiency and stability, and provides an effective solution for intelligent processing of metal materials.