The development of information technology and the change of global ecological environment have put forward higher requirements for education teaching and talent cultivation in the construction industry. This paper constructs a building performance simulation system and an optimization system based on the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the design of green buildings, reduce the energy consumption and cost of the whole life cycle of green buildings, and thus enhance the carbon neutral benefits and economic benefits included in green buildings. Using the optimization scheme of green building design as a technical template, reform the existing architectural design education curriculum, and effectively integrate the optimization scheme into the teaching of architectural design curriculum. The evaluation system of the educational reform of the architectural design curriculum is constructed, and the reform effect is evaluated by using the optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and the analysis of teaching experiments. The green building optimization program proposed in this paper reduces carbon emissions by 106.2606 kgCO2e per cubic meter per year on average in the operation phase, and at the same time, it has significant economic benefits. The overall effectiveness of the teaching reform based on the green building design optimization scheme is excellent, with high student satisfaction and generally improved grades.