Thousands of years of history have allowed the Chinese building system to take the essence and remove the dregs, absorbing all kinds of excellent culture, and forming a distinctive philosophical and spiritual connotation and cultural style. On the basis of analysing the spiritual expansion of architectural philosophy and phenomenology, the article proposes a method of analysing the trend of the evolution of the spiritual connotation of buildings by combining the Sill coefficient and the standard deviation ellipse, and evaluating their cultural connotation by combining with the cultural symbols of the buildings’ perceptions. The overall fluctuation of the Sill coefficient of buildings in various historical periods in the Northeast region is between 0.002 and 0.028, with small fluctuations, while the fluctuation of the Sill coefficient of the central region is between -0.014 and 0.027 in comparison. The mean value of the audience’s rating of the perception of cultural symbols of buildings is 4.246 points. The cultural perception of buildings can effectively obtain the cultural connotations embedded in buildings, and combined with the trend of the evolution of spiritual connotations of buildings under different historical periods, we can understand the cultural nature of buildings and provide new development ideas for optimising modern architectural design.