High-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials have emerged as a promising option in the field of construction concrete due to their unique mechanical properties and durability. This study focuses on UHMWPE high-performance fiber bundles, incorporating their structural characteristics, material properties, and mechanical properties. Two fiber content levels and single/mixed fiber addition methods were tested for concrete’s dry shrinkage rate and early crack resistance. The fracture performance and fracture mechanism of UHMWPE fiber concrete were systematically analyzed. The research conclusions are as follows: Compared to steel fiber concrete with the same fiber content, UHMWPE fiber concrete exhibits greater slump. Compared to the control group without fibers, the drying shrinkage rate of concrete with a UHMWPE fiber content of 0.20% was reduced by 51.28%. Therefore, UHMWPE fibers can increase the tensile strength within concrete and enhance its crack resistance.