Educational cooperation and exchange between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao have a long history. However, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, currently under construction, faces challenges such as insufficient awareness of the importance of educational cooperation and exchange, as well as a lack of innovative momentum. In light of these issues, this study proposes a reform pathway for educational cooperation within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao educational cooperation framework. The research questions and hypotheses are identified, and based on relevant materials and literature, a survey questionnaire is developed. Subsequently, the questionnaire undergoes reliability and validity testing. Under the theoretical framework of the research design, an empirical exploratory analysis of educational reform pathways within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao education cooperation framework is conducted. In terms of knowledge understanding and problem-solving abilities, the experimental group scored higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. This indicates that compared to traditional educational methods, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao educational cooperation is more effective in enhancing students’ knowledge understanding and problem-solving abilities, thereby demonstrating the practical application value of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao educational reform pathways.