The spatial distribution characteristics of immune cells in the lung cancer microenvironment profoundly affect tumor progression and immunotherapy efficacy. In this paper, we integrate physical simulation and statistical modeling to systematically investigate the dynamic interactions and spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A system of partial differential equations (PDEs) was constructed based on statistical methods to simulate the formation mechanism of the immunosuppressive microenvironment during tumor growth. The cell kinetic behavior in non-equilibrium state was portrayed by ODE kinetic model to reveal the characteristics of spatial distribution of immune cells. Flow cytometry and spatial parameter analysis of clinical samples were combined to quantify the spatial distribution pattern of M2 macrophages and IL-10⁺NK cells. It was found that the mean density, mean minimum proximity distance, and effective percentage of CD68+ TAMS were significantly higher than those of CD163+ TAMS and IRF8+ TAMs in the subpopulations of patient TAMs (CD68⁺, CD163⁺, and IRF8⁺), and that M2 macrophages and IL-10⁺NK cells differed in their proportions and functional inhibitory status in different tissues.
